PAM. 
i.  AKER. 


FRIENDS  MISSION 

^  *  -  I  ^  • 

IN 

MEXICO 


State  of  Tamaulipas 


ISSUED  BY 

AMERICAN  FRIENDS  BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS 
RICHMOND,  INDIANA 
1912 


HISTORIC  SKETCH  OF  FRIENDS*  MISSION  WORK 
IN  MEXICO,  STATE  OF  TAMAULIPAS 

P>y  Mahalah  Jay 

In  1870  or  even  earlier  the  Lord  laid  it  on  the  heart  of 
one  of  his  children,  Samnel  A.  Purdie,  of  New  York  State, 
a  Friend  from  his  birth,  that  some  day  he  would  be  called 
into  the  service  of  his  Master  among  Spanish  speaking  peo¬ 
ple.  So  thorough  was  this  conviction  that  he  began  the 
study  of  Spanish  to  prepare  himself  for  this  work  while 
pursuing  his  vocation  of  school  teacher  in  North  Carolina. 
Allen  Jay  says:  “Driving  up  to  the  school  house  at  Back 
Creek  one  day  at  the  noon  recess,  I  found  him  out  in  the 
woods,  sitting  on  an  old  log  with  a  big  Spanish  miner  sit¬ 
ting  by  his  side,  engaged  in  studying  the  Spanish  language. 
When  I  came  up  he  said :  ‘Excuse  me,  for  I  must  obtain  a 
knowledge  of  Spanish,’  and  in  a  serious  manner,  added : 
‘Some  day  the  Lord  will  open  the  way  for  me  to  use  this 
knowledge  to  his  glory.’  ”  He  was  married  to  Gulielma 
]M.  Hoover,  of  North  Carolina,  then  but  a  girl.  She  was 
in  sympathy  with  his  thought  and  hearing  of  a  foreign  mis¬ 
sionary  organization  among  Friends  of  Indiana  Yearly 
IMeeting,  they  applied  to  it  to  be  sent  as  missionaries  to 
IMexico. 

This  organization  was  a  voluntary  association  of  some 
Friends  of  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting  who  joined  together  in 
1868  with  a  two-fold  object,  stated  thus:  “First,  to  present 
to  those  who  may  feel  called  upon  to  go  abroad  among 
heathen  nations  in  the  love  of  the  Gospel,  an  organization 
that  can  aid,  counsel  and  advise ;  second,  to  be  a  channel 
for  the  gifts  of  the  willing  hearted  in  this  direction  and  thus 
provide  means  for  the  necessary  expense  of  those  men  and 
women  who  shall  enter  upon  this  service.”  From  the  be¬ 
ginning  this  organization  had  kept  in  touch  by  correspond¬ 
ence  with  Louis  and  Sarah  Street,  American  missionaries 


in  Madagascar,  sent  out  by  Englisli  Friends,  and  I)y  this 
same  organization  Elkanah  and  Irena  Beard  had  been  rec¬ 
ommended  in  1868  to  English  Friends  for  service  in  India. 
Samuel  A.  and  Gulielma  M.  Purdie  were  accepted  and  sent 
out  by  the  private  organization  to  Matamoros,  Mexico, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande,  in  November,  1871,  the 
first  American  missionaries  sent  to  a  foreign  land  by 
Friends  in  America. 

Mexico  was  then  in  its  transition  state,  the  government 
unsettled  and  society  in  a  state  of  frequent  upheavals,  torn 
by  contending  political  factions.  In  all  the  large  State  of 
Tamaulipas,  of  which  H.  Matamoros  was  then  the  capital, 
there  were  no  missionaries  located;  in  fact,  Protestant  mis¬ 
sionaries  had  not  gotten  a  foothold  in  many  places  any¬ 
where  in  this  semi-idolatrous  priest-ridden  country,  our 
neighbor  adjoining  us  on  the  southwest. 

Samuel  A.  Purdie,  holding  peace  principles  from  con¬ 
viction,  and  strengthened  in  them  by  what  he  had  seen  in 
the  Civil  war,  from  which  we  had  so  lately  emerged,  and 
seeing  that  Mexico  so  needed  the  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ, 
the  Gospel  of  peace,  before  going  there  had  felt  that  the 
publishing  of  a  paper  advocating  peace  principles  was  a  part 
of  his  work.  He  had  even  written  down  the  name  of  his 
paper,  “El  Ramo  de  Olivo,”  The  Olive  Branch,  while  yet  in 
North  Carolina.  He  made  arrangements  in  such  way  as 
he  could  for  this  and  by  the  next  September  (1872)  got  out 
on  a  hand  press  the  first  number  of  his  paper,  a  monthly 
which  has  continued  to  be  published  ever  since,  the  oldest 
missionary  periodical  of  Protestants  in  Mexico. 

They  obtained  help  in  the  study  of  the  language  in  part 
by  getting  some  little  girls  to  come  to  their  home,  which 
girls  Gulielma  Purdie  taught  in  the  elements  of  school¬ 
learning  as  well  as  giving  them  Bible  teaching.  From  this 
small  beginning  a  missionary  girls’  school  has  been  kept  up 
nearly  continuously  ever  since,  and  Christian  schools  have 
l)ecome  a  great  factor  in  Friends’  missionary  work. 

2 


As  the  little  school  in  his  house  advanced  his  attention 
was  an  ested  by  the  character  of  the  school  books,  inferior 
to  those  in  nse  in  the  United  States,  and  teaching-  in  their 
reading  lessons  the  tenets  of  Roman  Catholicism,  the  wor- 


Samuel  Purdie 


ship  of  saints,  etc.  Me  |)rc])ared  tc.xt-books  in  Spanish  for 
schools,  superior  as  school  l)ooks  to  those  in  nse  and  con¬ 
taining-  paragra])hs  and  reading-  lessons  either  taken  from 
llie  Ibble  or  gi\'ing-  correct  moral  aitd  religious  thonght  from 


a  Protestant  standpoint.  These  lessons  were  quietly  in¬ 
serted  and  g'ave  no  offence  and  soon  his  books  were  in  de¬ 
mand  in  the  city  schools  and  some  of  them  were  made  the 
authorized  school  books  for  the  State,  a  great  point  gained 
in  getting  before  the  children  in  this  unobtrusive  way  cor¬ 
rect  elementary  Christian  principles.  While  engaged  in 
this  work  Samuel  A.  Purdie  was  ever  alert  for  opportuni¬ 
ties  to  preach  the  Gospel,  though  it  was  necessary  for  some 
time  to  do  so  through  an  interpreter.  Even  in  spite  of  pro¬ 
nounced  Catholic  opposition  there  were  some  interested 
hearers  who  later  accepted  the  teachings  of  Protestantism 
and  became  regular  attenders  of  the  preaching  services  in 
the  mission  home. 

In  1873  Micajah  M.  P)inford,  of  Carthage,  Tnd.,  and  his 
wife,  Susie  R.,  were  sent  to  the  assistance  of  Samuel  and 
Gulielma  Purdie.  They  proved  efficient  workers  and  soon 
he  had  acquired  sufficient  Spanish  to  take  a  part  in  religious 
meetings  and  Bible  work,  but  his  wife’s  health  failing, 
they  returned  home  after  a  stay  of  about  one  and  a  half 
years.  While  he  was  there,  in  the  summer  of  1874,  S.  A. 
Purdie  and  he  organized  the  first  Friends’  church  or  meet¬ 
ing,  with  14  members.  Their  report  the  next  year  shows 
29  church  members.  After  three  years  of  successful  work 
under  this  private  organization,  the  Mission  had  become 
so  well  established  and  the  requirements  f(M'  its  support  so 
great  that  its  friends  reported  the  work  they  had  accom¬ 
plished  and  offered  it  to  the  yearly  meeting.  The  meeting 
accepted  it  as  its  work  and  placed  it  under  the  care  of  a 
committee,  being  the  first  association  of  an  American  yearly 
meeting  organized  to  carry  on  mission  work  in  a  foreign 
country. 

After  the  return  north  of  the  Binfords  the  Purdies 
worked  for  years  alone  as  to  northern  helpers,  but  native 
church  members  were  developing  and  coming  forward  in 
the  work.  Early  among  these  to  evidence  a  gift  in  the  min¬ 
istry  was  a  talented  and  educated  young  man  of  Indian 

4 


descent,  by  name  r.iiciaim  IVrascofro.  TTe  assisted  effi¬ 
ciently  in  the  preaching  service  and  in  making  visits  to  other 
villages  and  ranches.  In  1878  he  was  recorded  a  minister  of 
the  Gospel  by  the  church  there  and  by  the  missionary  com¬ 
mittee.  d'hrough  the  34  years  since  then  he  has  been  con¬ 
nected  with  the  mission  work  almost  continuously,  serving 
in  many  capacities.  At  present  he  is  in  the  mission  at 
Matchuala,  serving  as  managing  editor  of  “El  Ramo  de 
Olivo,”  the  mission  paper. 

Among  these  early  members  was  a  young  woman  by 
the  name  of  Angelita  Aguilas.  She  was  a  lovely  character, 
a  devout  Catholic  when  S.  A.  Purdie  first  got  acquainted 
with  her,  but  when  she  heard  the  pure  Gospel  teaching  she 
was  con^'inced,  connected  herself  with  the  mission  church, 
and  was  just  as  conscientious  and  devout  to  her  new¬ 
found  faith  as  she  had  been  before  to  Roman  Catholicism 
She  was  afterward  Luciano  Mascorro’s  first  wife  and  died 
early.  S.  A.  Purdie  later  published  in  a  book  of  160  pages 
the  impressive  story  of  her  life. 

Francisco  Pena  and  Julio  Gonzalez  Gea,  who  from  al¬ 
most  the  first  had  been  drawn  to  the  Protestant  teachings 
and  thoroughly  converted,  had  so  developed  in  the  ministry 
as  to  he  recorded  ministers  in  1880.  In  1878  a  lot  for  a 
meeting  house  in  Matamoros  was  purchased  and  a  substan¬ 
tial  brick  building  put  ui)on  it,  which,  after  being  completed 
and  furnished,  was  dedicated  on  May  16,  1880,  about  350 
])ersons  attending  this  open  meeting.  This  house  had  been 
finished  with  belfry,  bell,  lamps,  seats  and  the  lot  about 
it  fenced,  at  a  cost  of  $4,000,  and  all  had  been  paid.  One 
peculiarity  of  this  meeting  house  indicating  the  s]>irit  of 
the  place  in  those  early  times,  was  that  the  windows  were 
covered  outside  with  heavy  iron  grating  for  the  protection 
of  those  within.  Catholic  opposition  was  wont  to  manifest 
itself  in  hurling  bricks  and  stones  through  the  windows  at 
those  attending  Protestant  service,  intimidating  and  at 
times  injuring  tltetu.  In  August  of  this  year  occurred  a 

5 


terrible  hurricane,  the  worst  of  five  they  had  had.  The 
meeting-  house  sustained  injury  from  this,  but  not  serious. 
For  32  years  services  have  been  held  in  this  house  and  its 
influence  has  been  far  reaching-. 

In  the  seventh  month  of  this  year,  1880,  William  A. 
Walls,  a  Friend  from  Canada,  joined  the  mission.  Flis  ex¬ 
penses  were  defrayed  for  a  while  by  Ohio  I'riends.  In  1883 
he  took  charge  of  the  boys’  school  at  Matamoros.  That 
year  the  school  numbered  36,  there  being  room  for  no  more. 
This  school  continued  successful  for  a  number  of  years, 
while  his  health  permitted  him  to  teach.  For  twelve  years 
he  was  a  faithful  assistant,  often  exposing  himself  to  hard¬ 
ships  and  dangers  in  the  work,  but  having  his  reward  in 
being  the  instrument  in  turning  many  to  the  Lord.  He 
labored  in  several  different  out  stations  as  the  needs  of  the 
mission  demanded,  especially  in  Escandon  and  Gomez 
Farias,  and  taking  S.  A.  Purdie’s  place  at  Matamoros  when 
he  was  called  away  from  the  city.  As  a  preacher,  and  espe¬ 
cially  as  a  teacher  of  boys’  schools  in  different  places,  he 
was  very  useful  and  successful.  He  married  a  Mexican 
woman  and  reared  a  family,  but  his  health  giving  way  till 
he  could  no  longer  teach,  he  accepted  employment  as  a 
colporter  for  the  American  Bible  Society  in  1892,  and  has 
since  died  in  that  service. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  State  of  Tamaulipas,  some  230 
miles  south  of  Matamoros.  an  Indian  village,  by  name  Go¬ 
mez  Farias,  had  been  visited  by  S.  A.  Purdie  and  other  work¬ 
ers  and  the  people  were  deeply  interested  in  their  teaching. 
This  village  is  a  single  street  on  the  top  of  a  narrow  ridge 
of  the  Sierra  Madre  Mountains,  the  houses  often  having 
their  dirt  floors  sloping  down  the  mountain  side.  No 
wheeled  vehicles  can  pass  through  the  gates  of  the  village 
and  when  in  1885  mission  carriage,  with  its  visiting 
party,  made  the  tour  of  the  stations,  the  natives  ])roudly  cut 
a  road  through  the  unbroken  thicket  for  it  as  far  up  the 
mountain  as  it  was  possible  to  go,  and  then  driving  to  one 

6 


side.  It  was  left  in  the  opening  and  the  party,  inchiding  (du- 
lielma  I’urdie  and  Alahalah  Jay,  mounted  on  horses  or 
burros,  continued  the  ascent  to  the  village  on  top,  the  first 
American  women  to  visit  the  village.  Work  was  opened 
up  in  this  village  in  1880  with  Luciano  and  Angelita  Agui- 
larde  Mascorro  in  charge  and  a  meeting  of  19  members  or¬ 
ganized  there.  Luciano  Mascorro  and  his  wife  were  sta¬ 
tioned  there  for  some  time,  but  her  health  declining,  they 
moved  away,  and  Encarnacion  Gonzalez  and  his  wife,  San¬ 
tos,  were  stationed  there  for  years.  They  were  good  work¬ 
ers — had  been  transferred  to  Friends  from  the  Presbyteri¬ 
ans.  The  church  at  Gomez  Farias  reached  40  members  in 
1881  and  in  1882  a  monthly  meeting  was  organized.  The 
same  year  two  Friends  of  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Richard  J. 
and  Abbie  G.  Mendenhall,  gave  the  money  necessary  to 
build  a  chapel  of  native  construction  in  this  village,  pro¬ 
viding  also  a  good  bell,  so  necessary  where  there  were  few 
or  no  time  pieces.  They  afterwards  gave  money  to  build 
a  school  house  also. 

Through  the  years  since  then  this  church  has  continued, 
under  the  charge  of  native  workers.  For  some  years  the 
aged  minister,  Julio  Gonzalez  Gea,  now  over  80  years  old, 
has  been  in  charge.  A  mission  school  has  also  been  main¬ 
tained  most  of  the  time.  The  year  1912  has  brought  to  this 
village  much  of  trouble  and  persecution  on  account  of  the 
revolution,  many  of  the  Friends  having  been  imprisoned 
and  carried  away  because  they  did  not  join  the  revolu¬ 
tionists. 

In  1882  Louis  Street  visited  the  missionary  stations 
along  with  Luciano  Mascorro.  While  at  Gomez  Farias  they 
were  urged  to  visit  Santa  Barbara  or  Ocampo,  but  for  lack 
of  time  did  not  do  so.  In  the  winter  of  1886  the  travelling 
mission  party  crossed  the  higher  ridge  beyond  which 
Ocampo  was  located,  making  the  trip  and  return,  100  miles, 
both  men  and  women,  on  horse  or  burro  back.  In  1885  a 
meeting  had  been  begun  here  which  had  from  100  to  300 

7 


attenders.  For  many  years  this  Meeting'  was  kept  up  with, 
varying  success,  but  at  present  there  is  no  regular  preaching 
or  teaching  there. 

Two  other  native  workers  were  recognized  as  ministers, 
and  three  meetings  and  Bible  schools  opened  south  of  Mata- 
moros  in  i88i.  Librado  Ramirez,  also  coming  from  the 
Presbyterians,  attached  himself  as  a  worker  to  the  mission 
and  was  stationed,  in  1883,  at  Soto  La  Marina,  a  seaport  on 
the  gulf,  250  miles  south  of  Matamoros.  This  station, 
though  at  first  thought  very  promising,  did  not  prove  so. 
Owing  to  business  failures  and  the  turbulence  of  the  people, 
it  was,  after  a  few  years,  entirely  abandoned.  In  1885  meet¬ 
ings  were  also  begun  in  Neuvo  Moreles,  Antiguo  Moreles, 
Quintero  and  Escandon.  A  prominent  station  of  the  early 
days  was  San  Fernando,  managed  chiefly  by  native  workers. 
In  1884  New  York  Yearly  Meeting  was  bearing  the  ex¬ 
penses  of  this  station.  For  many  years  it  has  been  the 
home  of  Gertrudis  G.  G.  de  Urestii,  who  has  kept  up  a 
day  school  and  Sabbath  school  there,  also  serving  as  min¬ 
ister. 

In  the  meantime  in  1880  Gulielma  Purdie  and  infant 
son,  Joseph  Moore,  had  left  Matamoros  for  home,  taking 
with  them  a  little  Mexican  girl  to  care  for  the  baby.  Later 
in  the  year  S.  A.  Purdie  joined  his  wife,  on  the  first  fur¬ 
lough  they  had  had.  On  their  return  to  Mexico  in  1881 
the  Mexican  girl,  Juanita  Garza,  though  then  known  as 
Jennie  E.  Purdie,  was  left  in  the  north  for  schooling.  She 
was  a  member  of  Mahalah  Jay’s  family  for  the  greater  part 
of  five  years,  finally  returning  to  Matamoros  as  a  mission 
teacher.  ' 

In  this  year,  1883,  our  venerable  friend,  Isaac  Sharp, 
from  England,  visited  the  Mexican  missions,  much  to  the 
strengthening  and  encouragement  of  the  workers. 

For  the  first  12  years  S.  A.  Purdie  and  wife  had  been 
almost  the  only  northern  missionaries  and  had  held  the 
whole  management  of  the  various  lines  of  work  in  their 

8 


liancls.  ljut  as  the  mission  Increased  new  workers  cahle  to 
the  field  and  the  different  departments  of  work  became 
more  distinctly  marked  and  we  shall  best  discuss  each  un¬ 
der  its  own  head. 


Administration 

Matamoros  was  the  capital  of  the  State  of  Tamaulipas 
when  Friends’  missionary  work  was  first  established  there. 
Afterward  the  more  central  city  of  Victoria  was  made  the 
State  capital.  The  decline  of  business  at  Matamoros 
caused  many  removals  from  that  city  for  purely  business 
reasons.  Many  members  of  the  church  moved  elsewhere 
and  as  it  was  no  longer  so  desirable  a  place  as  it  first  was 
for  the  headquarters  of  the  mission,  in  1887  Samuel  A. 
Purdie,  the  general  superintendent,  moved  his  family  to 
Victoria  in  the  hope  in  part  that  that  city  would  prove 
more  healthful  for  his  wife.  Its  advantage  as  a  center  also 
soon  became  apparent  and  in  the  years  between  1890  and 
1893  he  removed  the  printing  office  and  all  its  fixtures,  as 
well  as  his  own  office,  to  Victoria,  which  afterward  con¬ 
tinued  to  be  the  residence  of  the  superintendent.  Wm.  Irv¬ 
ing  Kelsey  and  Anna  T.,  his  wife,  lately  graduated  from 
Earlham  College,  offered  and  were  accepted  for  work  in 
Mexico  and  went  to  Victoria  in  1893.  It  was  understood 
that  Anna  Kelsey  would  have  care  of  the  Victoria  Girls’ 
School  of  New  York  Friends.  W.  I.  Kelsey  assisted  S.  A. 
Purdie,  making  himself  acquainted  with  the  whole  field  of 
his  work.  In  May,  1895,  S.  A.  Purdie  and  family  left  Mex¬ 
ico  for  rest  and  to  visit  their  friends,  from  whom  they  had 
been  long  separated.  He  placed  all  the  details  of  his  work 
as  superintendent  in  the  care  of  W.  I.  Kelsey  before  leaving 
Mexico,  though  not  then  anticipating  that  he  was  taking  a 
final  leave,  as  afterwards  proved.  He  had  long  desired  to 
visit  and  have  some  fruit  in  Central  America,  and,  find- 
ing  opportunity  for  this,  he  was  released  by  the  Mexican 
Mission  Board  from  obligations  to  it,  after  being  superin- 


9 


tendent  of  Mexican  mission  work  of  Indiana  Yearly  Afeet- 
ing  for  24  years,  lie  went  to  San  Sahador  and  again  took 
up  his  beloved  missionary  publishing.  While  in  the  act  of 
binding  a  book  he  slightly  wounded  his  hand.  This  was 
sufficient  in  that  tropical  country  to  induce  tetanus  (lock 
jaw),  from  which  he  soon  died,  August  6,  1897.  “Others 
may  have  been  just  as  devoted,  may  have  done  a  greater 
work,  but  none  has  been  more  loyal,  none  possessed  a  truer 
missionary  spirit.”  W.  I.  Kelsey  continued  as  superintend¬ 
ent  of  the  mission  till  1900,  when  he  took  a  vacation  of  three 
years,  wdiich  he  spent  mostly  in  Chicago  University.  In 
1903  he  and  his  Avife  again  entered  the  work  for  a  five 
years’  term  of  service,  but  before  their  engagement  was 
quite  out  they  asked  release  in  order  to  look  after  the  edu¬ 
cation  of  their  children.  lie  had  then  been  the  successful 
superintendent  of  the  many  branches  of  work  for  12  years, 
including  his  furlough.  Upon  his  final  departure  from  Vic¬ 
toria  the  superintendent’s  work  was  divided  betAveen  George 
C.  Levering,  as  head  of  the  evangelistic  and  church  work, 
and  R.  Solomon  Tice  as  business  manager,  their  other  Avttrk 
continuing  as  before. 

Since  Geo.  C.  Levering  AvithdreAv  from  the  mission  Solo¬ 
mon  Tice  has  been  the  general  manager  of  Victoria  and  the 
southern  field,  Avhile  Alatamoros,  difficult  of  access  from 
Victoria,  has  been  in  charge  of  its  resident  missionaries, 
who  are  directly  responsible  to  the  home  board. 

From  the  first  Friends’  missions  in  Mexico  have  had 
three  well  defined  departments  of  work — the  educational, 
the  publishing  and  the  CA^angelistic  departments. 

Educational  Department 

The  girls’  school  in  Alatamoros,.  begun,  as  already  men¬ 
tioned,  on  a  A^ery  small  scale,  increased  in  attendance  and 
with  some  intermissions  Avas  taught,  after  Airs.  Purdie 
found  herself  fully  occupied  Avith  other  cares,  by  native 

10 


I>Iai>  of  Eastern  Mexico:— moxnitain  ranges  occiipy 
souMiwestern  Tamanli[)as  and  southern  Nuevo  Leon,  extending  from 
between  Monterey  and  Saltillo,  nearly  to  Tampico ;  six,  seven  and 
eight  are  in  valleys  between  mountain  ranges.  The  most  important 
cities  are:  1  Matamoros;  3  Brownsville,  Texas;  24  Laredo,  Texas; 
IR  Monterep;  15  Saltillo;  17  Matehuala;  23  San  Luis  Potosi ;  14  Tam¬ 
pico;  5  Victoria;  7  Tula.  Friends  principal  mission  stations  are; 
l^Mataimros;  5  Victoria,  and  17  Matehuala.  Out-stations  are :  3  Saai 
Fernanilo ;  4  Guamas ;  R  Palmillas ;  8  Oconipo ;  1)  Gomez  Farias ; 
10  Llera ;  12  Quintero;  13  Nuevo  Morales;  18  Cedral ;  20  Potrero ; 
20  Catorce ;  22  La  Pas.  Otlau'  points  indicated  are:  11  Xicotencal ; 
19  Vauegas  June. 


teachers.  One  quite  well  educated  and  Protestant  family 
by  the  name  of  Flores  was  especially  helpful  to  the  mission. 
Two  of  the  daughters  taught  some  part  of  their  time  in 
the  school  and  two  others  helped  in  the  printing  office. 
Luisa  Flores  taught  in  the  girls’  school  for  nine  years,  sup¬ 
ported  the  latter  part  of  the  time  by  the  Woman’s  Foreign 
Missionary  Association  of  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting.  She 
was  then  married  to  the  minister,  Luciano  Mascorro.  As 
his  wife  she  engaged  as  Bible  reader  for  the  mission  and 
when  his  duties  called  him  elsewhere  she  in  each  station 
to  which  he  was  sent  was  his  ever  faithful  helper  till  she 
was  removed  by  death. 

In  the  home-land  a  new  factor  in  foreign  mission  work 
has  sprung  up,  the  WMmen’s  Foreign  Missionary  Associa¬ 
tions  of  the  various  yearly  meetings.  That  of  Indiana 
Yearly  Meeting,  organized  in  1883,  had  supported  Luisa 
h'lores  during  several  of  the  last  years  of  her  teaching.  In 
1883  Julia  L.  Ballinger,  of  North  Carolina,  was  sent  to 
Matamoros  by  the  YTman’s  Foreign  Missionary  Associa¬ 
tion  of  Philadelphia  Friends  to  be  principal  of  the  girls’ 
school.  Julia  Ballinger  proved  to  be  a  most  thorough  and 
competent  principal  of  this  school,  continuing  in  the  service 
of  the  mission  nearly  twelve  years,  including  about  two 
years  of  absence  on  furloughs.  In  1884  Ora  Osborn  and 
Lillie  A.  Neiger,  of  Danville,  Ind.,  wer  esent  to  the  Mata- 
mc:>ros  mission  by  the  Yeoman’s  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  WTstern  Yearly  Meeting  to  learn  the  language  and  the 
methods  of  missionary  work  prior  to  being  stationed  else¬ 
where.  ddiey  remained  in  Matamoros  longer  than  at  first 
anticipated,  teaching  part  of  the  time  in  the  girls’  school 
with  Julia  Ballinger.  Mission  woi'k  was  opened  in  the  City 
of  Mexico  by  Western  Yearly  Meeting  early  in  188b,  under 
I'ranklin  and  Sarah  j.  King,  and  Ora  Osborn  and  Lillie 
Neiger  were  sent  with  them. 


Hussey  Institute 


The  gift  of  $3,100  towards  a  building  for  a  girls’  school 
in  Matamoros  from  Curtis  G.  Hussey,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa  , 
was  a  great  encouragement  to  the  cause  of  education  in  the 
mission.  This  gift  was  supplemented  later  by  his  bequest 
of  $5,000,  less  the  State  inheritance  tax  of  five  per  cent., 
for  the  support  of  the  school  Avhich  bears  his  name,  Hussey 
Institute.  (  We  may  mention  here  that  the  mission  at  Mat- 
huala  was  remembered  in  his  will  with  an  equal  bequest.) 
In  1885  the  $3,100  given  for  the  house  was  put  into  a  sub¬ 
stantial  brick  house  of  six  rooms,  which  faces  east  upon  a 
public  park  or  plaza,  on  the  other  side  of  which  stands  the 
mission  church.  The  two  ells  of  Hussey  Institute  enclose 
a  “patio,”  or  open  space,  paved  with  brick  around  the  large 
cistern,  for  rain  water  is  their  best  drinking  water.  These 
ells  have  since  been  extended  to  provide  more  rooms.  The 
kitchen  and  dining  room  are  in  a  frame  building  at  the 
other  end  of  the  lot.  The  girls’  school,  of  which  Julia  L. 
Pallinger  was  principal,  was  moved  into  these  quarters  that 
fall  and  the  Woman’s  Foreign  Missionary  Association  of 
Puliana  Yearly  Meeting  became  responsible  for  the  sup¬ 
port  and  management  of  the  school.  Mrs.  Laura  A.  Win¬ 
ston,  of  North  Carolina,  a  widowed  sister  of  Julia  L.  Pal¬ 
linger,  was  engaged  as  first  matron  and  Jualita  E.  Garza 
(Jennie  F.  Ihirdie)  returned  to  her  native  land  to  be  a 
teacher  in  this  school.  Here  she  remained  eight  years  and 
was  a  faithful  and  successful  teacher,  having  both  the  Eng¬ 
lish  and  S])anish  languages  at  her  command  and  understand¬ 
ing  the  genius  of  her  people.  The  last  year  she  was  prin¬ 
cipal  of  the  school.  During  these  eight  years  she  was  al¬ 
lowed  a  furlough  of  one  year,  which  she  si)ent  in  school  at 
.Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  again  in  the  home  of  Eli  and  Mahalah 
Jay.  At  the  close  of  the  eight  years  she  was  married  to  an 
American  gentleman,  Ralph  S.  Garwood,  a  graduate  of 
Michigan  University,  and  then  sui)erintendent  of  schools  at 


Marshall,  IMich.  He  now  holds  a  government  position  as 
one  of  the  superintendents  of  schools  in  Porto  Rico. 

The  boarding  department  of  Ilnssey  Institnte  was  duly 
opened  January  7,  t886,  making-  a  home  at  once  for  the 
teachers  and  twelve  girls,  by  far  the  larger  part  of  the 
more  than  100  pupils  being  day  scholars.  This  building, 
with  the  additions  made  since,  will  now  accommodate  only 
about  30  girls  and  the  officers  of  the  school,  whereas  the 
enrollment  of  the  school  reaches  some  years  180  or  more. 
The  lot  adjoining  Hussey  Institute  on  the  north  was  later 
purchased  by  the  Woman’s  Foreign  Missionary  Association 
and  in  1892  they  sent  Eli  and  Mahalah  Jay  to  build  a  school 
house  there  and  look  into  the  needs  of  Tdussey  Institute. 
They  found  on  the  lot  ])urchased  a  substantial  brick  ware¬ 
house,  without  floors  or  closed  windows.  They  decided  that 
better  accommodations  could  be  provided  with  the  funds  on 
hand  by  remodeling  this  building  than  by  tearing  it  down 
and  building  anew.  To  the  original  building.  60  feet  long, 
15  feet  were  added,  providing  ample  and  good  accommoda¬ 
tions  for  the  large  school.  The  building  was  named  Rich- 
mond  Hall.  This  left  Hussey  Institute  entirely  for  a  board¬ 
ing  and  training  home  for  girls.  Much  of  the  work  of  the 
home  is  done  bv  the  girls  who  are  trained  in  all  the  branches 
of  domestic  science.  8ome  of  the  girls  remain  five  or  six- 
years  in  the  Institute  but  more  for  a  shorter  time  and  a  few 
for  only  one  term.  Though  the  roll  has  not  been  thor¬ 
oughly  kept,  yet  it  is  known  that  considerably  more  than 
1,000  different  pupils  have  entered  this  school  in  the  27 
years  since  the  building  of  Hussey  Institute,  of  course  not 
all  of  them  in  the  boarding  de])artment.  With  a  Rible  les¬ 
son  taught  in  the  school  every  day  and  a  course  of  study 
sufficient  for  all  State  recpurements  of  school-teachers, 
many  Mexican  girls  have  here  received  their  first  taste  of 
a  better  life  spiritually  as  well  as  in  education,  and  have 
been  fitted  for  teachers  and  gone  out  into  the  schools  of 
the  State;  others,  with  their  excellent  domestic  training. 

14 


are  prepared  to  elevate  and  Cliristianize  the  lionie  life  of 
their  people.  Gen.  O.  C).  Howard,  that  most  i)hiIanthropic 
of  army  officers,  when  on  a  visit  to  Alatamoros  in  1892, 
where  he  was  received  with  military  honors,  passing  by, 
saw  the  buildings,  inquired  what  they  were,  and  on  being 
informed,  asked  the  privilege  of  coming  in  to  visit  the 
school.  He  was  pleased  and  addressed  the  school  children, 
who  heard  him  with  polite  attention  and  were  evidently 
moved  by  what  he  said.  He  remarked  after  leaving  the 


Friends  Meeting  House,  Matamoros 


mission,  “That  school  is  the  most  beautiful  thing  I  have 
seen  in  Matamoros.  The  Spirit  was  there.”  Mexico’s  coun¬ 
try  and  village  life  in  the  states  where  these  schools  are 
show  quite  an  uplift  in  27  years,  due,  no  doubt,  in  a  measure 
to  the  influence  of  Christian  education. 

Quite  a  number  of  American  teachers  and  officers — and 
these  are  all  missionaries — have  been  connected  with  this 
school.  Here,  in  1889,  Edith  Caroline  Ballinger,  of  North 
Carolina,  sister  of  Julia  Ballinger,  was  employed  as  teacher. 

15 


A  gentle,  sweet-spirited  girl,  she  remained  only  about  two 
and  a  half  years  connected  with  the  school.  She  died  not 
many  years  after.  Upon  the  occasion  of  the  deatli  of  her 
mother,  early  in  1889,  Laura  A.  Winston,  matron  at  Hussey 
Institute,  returned  home.  She  had  successfully  launched 
the  boarding  department  and  the  loss  of  her  gentle  and  re¬ 
fining  influence  was  deeply  felt.  Nancy  U.  Lee,  of  New 
Garden,  North  Carolina,  was  secured  to  succeed  her  as 
matron  and  went  to  the  field  in  April  of  that  year.  She 
filled  the  place  to  good  satisfaction  for  more  than  five  years 
and  was  released  at  her  own  request  in  June,  1894,  leaving 
behind  her  only  memories  of  kindness,  self-sacrifice  for 
others,  motherliness  among  the  girls  she  trained,  and  con¬ 
scientious  and  faithful  service  in  many  lines  in  which  by 
the  absence  of  others  it  fell  to  her  to  act.  After  a  year’s 
•rest  she  accepted  the  position  of  head  of  Friends’  New  York 
School  for  Girls  in  Victoria,  Mexico,  a  place  she  has  filled 
ever  since  with  rare  fidelity  and  success. 

In  the  fall  of  1892  Jessie  Johnson,  of  Tennessee,  a  grad¬ 
uate  of  Guilford  College,  N.  C.,  was  sent  to  Matamoros  as 
teacher.  She  never  acquired  the  Spanish  language  very 
fully,  but  she  was  industrious  and  helpful  in  teaching  the 
English  classes.  The  climate  did  not  agree  with  her  health 
and  she  returned  home  in  June,  1894.  In  1893  Emma  Phil¬ 
lips,  of  Fairmount,  Ind.,  entered  Hussey  Institute,  taking 
the  principal’s  place  as  soon  as  she  could  use  the  language 
sufficiently.  A  teacher  of  experience  in  her  home  land,  en¬ 
ergetic  and  consecrated  to  the  work,  the  school  built  up 
under  her  administration  and  with  the  help  of  faithful 
teachers  the  pupils  excelled  other  schools  of  the  city,  as 
also  they  had  done  on  some  prior  occasions,  in  their  public 
examinations.  These  examinations  are  not  conducted  by 
the  teachers,  but  by  public  examiners  appointed  by  the  city. 
Emma  Phillips  continued  in  the  work  of  the  mission  till 
the  fall  of  1900,  when  she  entered  mission  work  in  Cuba. 
She  was  from  the  beginning  the  head  of  Wilmington  Yearly 

16 


Meeting’s  mission  in  Puerto  Padre,  Cuba.  She  was  mar¬ 
ried  to  Francisco  Martinez,  a  Mexican,  and  since  the  close 
of  their  service  in  Puerto  Padre,  Cuba,  they  have  made 
their  home  in  Mexico. 

In  1895  Lizzie  M.  Hare,  of  Carthage,  Ind.,  was  sent  to 
assist  Emma  Phillips,  upon  whom  by  the  withdrawal  of 
other  American  missionaries,  had  devolved  the  duties  of 
both  matron  and  principal.  Miss  Hare  proved  a  compe¬ 
tent  matron,  a  faithful  religious  worker  and  a  congenial 
companion  to  Emma  Phillips.  And  for  several  years  the 
work  prospered  under  their  united  instruction  and  manage¬ 
ment.  Lizzie  Llare  retired  from  the  field  after  five  years’ 
service  and  now  lives  near  her  former  home  and  is  known 
as  Mrs.  Charles  F.  Binford. 

In  1895,  after  about  12  years  from  its  beginning,  closed 
the  long  and  faithful  service  of  Julia  L.  Ballinger.  After 
her  absence  of  a  year  and  a  half  following  her  father’s  death 
in  1892,  she  did  not  resume  the  principalship,  but  took  the 
‘department  of  religious  instructor  in  connection  with  the 
school  and  of  Bible  reader  and  religious  visitor  among  the 
church  members  and  in  the  city  generally,  for  which  a  term 
in  the  Moody  Bible  Institute  in  Chicago  in  1893  had  espe¬ 
cially  prepared  her. 

In  1899  Myrtle  Davis,  of  Fairmount,  Ind.,  was  sent  to 
Matanioros  to  be  matron  of  Hussey  Institute  in  place  of 
Lizzie  Hare.  She  was  faithful  and  successful  in  her  man¬ 
agement,  part  of  the  time  the  double  duties  of  matron  and 
principal  were  left  on  her  hands.  She  retired  from  the  field 
in  November,  1902. 

That  fall  the  Board  secured  the  services  of  Lydia  E. 
Pike,  of  Fountain  City,  Ind.,  to  fill  the  place  Myrtle  Davis 
was  about  to  leave.  Miss  Pike  entered  the  field  in  Novem¬ 
ber,  1902,  bringing  with  her  large  experience  as  a  teacher. 
She  served  in  the  double  capacity  of  matron  and  principal 
much  of  her  five  years  of  service  here,  as  others  had  done 
before  her.  She  proved  an  excellent  matron,  principal,  re- 

17 


ligioiis  instructor  and  financial  manag'd'.  In  1903  Leona 
Longstretli,  of  Kansas,  was  sent  to  Matamoros  to  assist 
Miss  Pike,  who  was  left  with  too  much  on  her  hands.  She 
served  till  in  June,  the  end  of  that  school  year,  to  good  sat¬ 
isfaction,  but  could  not  be,  retained  longer.  She  was  mar¬ 
ried  the  following'  September.  Florence  O.  Macy  was  sent 
as  matron  to  Hussey  Institute  in  October,  1905,  while  Miss 
Pike  was  there  as  principal.  After  five  years  of  service  Miss 
Pike  came  home  on  furlough  in  1907,  spending  much  of  this 
year  in  visiting  meetings  and  other  gatherings,  speaking  in 
the  interest  of  the  Mexican  work.  Again  taking  up  her 
long  interrupted  course  at  Earlham  College,  she  took  the  A. 
1).  degree  in  1908.  She  returned  to  Mexico,  to  Victoria,  to 
teach  there  in  the  place  of  some  of  the  missionaries  released 
on  furlough.  She  was  called  home  by  the  serious  illness  of 
her  aged  father  and  nursed  him  until  his  death.  Her  interest 
remained  in  Mexico,  however,  and  she  had  looked  forward 
to  returning  there  when,  the  night  before  her  father’s  burial, 
she  was  called  peacefully  and  quietly  to  her  eternal  reward 
and  the  two  were  laid  away  at  the  same  time.  She  was  sin¬ 
cerely  mourned  by  both  the  Americans  and  Mexicans,  with 
whom  she  had  labored,  and  the  mission  lost  a  valuable 
worker.  After  Miss  Pike  left  Matamoros  Florence  Macy 
discharged  the  double  duties  of  matron  and  principal.  In 
1907  Emma  Reeder,  of  Middletown,  Inch,  entered  the  work 
at  Matamoros  to  help  Miss  Macy.  A  teacher  at  home,  she 
was  successful  in  the  primary  room  of  the  school,  but  at 
the  end  of  her  first  year  she  was  transferred  to  take  a  sim¬ 
ilar  ])lace  in  the  new  annex  of  Juarez  Institute,  Victoria, 
h'lorence  Macy  returned  home  in  1909  after  four  years  of 
faithful,  energetic  service,  and  is  living  now  at  Carthage, 
Ind.,  as  Mrs.  Murray  Parker.  Auretta  Thomas,  of  Fountain 
City,  Inch,  was  sent  to  Hussey  Institute  in  1910  and  is  at 
the  present  time  matron  of  the  school.  From  September, 
1911,  Sarah  R.  Lindley,  on  furlough  from  the  school  in 
Matehuala,  came  to  Matamoros  and  started  the  school  in 

18 


the  absence  of  a  principal.  Lon  F.  Sclinltz  was  at  Hussey 
Institute  from  February,  1911,  to  the  end  of  the  present 
school  year.  She  will  be  at  Victoria  next  year  as  Mrs. 
Clyde  Roberts. 

Penn  Institute 

Similar  to  Hussey  Institute  in  its  religious  instruction, 
its  domestic  training  and  course  of  study  is  Penn  Institute, 


Entrance  to  Friends  Meeting  House — Penn 
Institute  to  the  right 

a  boarding;  and  day  school  for  girls  at  Victoria  started  by 
New  York  Friends  in  1888,  with  Gertrudis  G.  G.  de  Uresti 
and  Margaretta  M.  Marriage  in  charge.  A  permanent  home 
was  at  length  purchased  for  this  school  adjoining"  the  Mis¬ 
sion  Home  property  and  under  several  native  principals  its 
work  progressed.  We  have  noted  that  in  1895  Nancy  L. 
Lee,  on  returning  from  her  furlough,  became  matron  of  this 
school.  Here  she  has  been  ever  since  except  for  furloughs. 

19 


Associated  with  her  has  been  Mary  Pickett  as  principal, 
from  Annapolis,  Inch,  since  This  school  this 

year,  1911-12,  has  had  about  30  boarders.  It  is  provided 
now  with  comfortable  quarters  for  school  and  home  and 
boarding  departments.  They  have  put  normal  work  prom¬ 
inently  forward,  and  with  a  satisfactory  course  of  study, 
have  fitted  quite  a  large  number  of  girls  for  teaching.  This 
school  has  enrolled  about  from  70  to  100  pupils  annually, 
and  tliis  year  had  26  boarders.  Four  Mexican  all-day  assist¬ 
ants  are  employed  in  addition  to  some  of  the  highest  classes 
being  taught  in  connection  with  Juarez  Institute. 

Boys’  Schools 

Much  stress  has  been  laid  upon  teaching  the  girls,  but 
it  has  long  been  noted  that  there  is  little  chance  of  estab¬ 
lishing  Christian  homes  if  the  boys  and  young  men  are  not 
also  educated  in  like  manner.  The  Mexican  mission  has 
endeavored  to  supply  this  need  as  far  as  is  possible  by  day 
schools  in  practically  every  station.  The  need  of  Christian 
boarding  schools  for  boys  has  been  strongly  urged  for  many 
years  by  those  on  the  ground.  As  has  been  men¬ 
tioned,  a  boys’  day  school  was  taught  for  years  by  Wm.  A. 
Walls  and  later  by  Santiago  G.  Gonzalez,  among  others,  in 
connection  with  the  mission  at  Matamoros,  supported  in 
part  by  women  Friends  of  Philadelphia,  one  at  San  Fer¬ 
nando  and,  in  fact,  two  or  three  elsewhere,  supported  by 
New  York  Friends;  and  one  at  Victoria  by  Baltimore 
Friends.  During  the  years  from  1890  to  1900  the  boys’ 
school  at  Matamoros  was  less  prosperous  owing  to  a  lack 
of  suitable  teachers.  In  1900  Francis  and  Rachel  Hockett, 
from  Richmond,  Ind.,  opened  a  boys’  school  in  their  home 
and  continued  it  during  their  term  of  service.  Flussey  In¬ 
stitute,  in  its  primary  department,  received  a  number  of 
little  boys,  from  20  to  60  at  a  time,  that  it  suited  their  par¬ 
ents  to  send  to  that  school  with  their  sisters  or  for  other 


20 


reasons:  hut  as  Hussey  Institute  was  by  no  means  in¬ 
tended  for  a  mixed  school,  when  these  hoys  grew  older  they 
could  not  attend  there.  This  overflow  of  boys  needed  much 
a  good  boys’  school  into  which  to  pass  and  the  Hockett 
school  helped  to  supply  this  need. 


Misses  Lee  and  Pickett  with  Graduating  Class  of  li)0i) 

Juarez  Institute 

The  hoys’  school  at  Victoria,  started  in  1887  in  charge  of 
Santiago  G.  Gonzales,  as  a  special  work  of  Baltimore  Yearly 
Meeting,  was  continued  for  about  fifteen  years  till  in  1903 
it  was  merged  into  Juarez  Institute.  Friends  of  Indiana 
Yearly  Meeting  in  1901  decided  to  open  a  boarding  school 
for  boys  at  Victoria  and  George  C.  Levering,  of 'Maryville, 
Tenn.,  was  chosen  to  take  charge  of  it.  This  school,  in¬ 
tended  to  mate  in  advancement  Hussey  and  Penn  Institutes 
for  girls,  was  opened  January  i,  1903,  under  the  name  of 
Juarez  Institute.  In  addition  to  work  through  the  grades 
into  high  school,  its  course  of  instruction  included  a  bib- 

21 


lical  department  and  it  offered  boarding'  accommodations 
for  several.  The  first  year  its  enrollment  was  22,  four  tak¬ 
ing  work  in  the  biblical  department.  The  second  year  the 
enrollment  was  63,  14  of  them  boarders,  and  the  numbers 
have  continued  to  increase  up  to  the  full  extent  of  its  ca¬ 
pacity  to  receive.  In  1905  R.  Solomon  Tice  and  his  wife, 
Amanda  R.  Tice,  of  Aliddletown,  Ind.,  were  sent  to  work 
in  Juarez  Institute.  Both  were  teachers  of  a  good  experi¬ 
ence  at  home  and  their  work  has  been  good  in  their  new 
positions.  Besides  their  teaching  they  have  charge  of  the 
boarding  department  and  Mr.  Tice  introduced  and  directed 
several  lines  of  manual  training  among  the  boys,  but  as  the 
school  work  increased  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  this  work 
largely.  The  demand  for  it,  however,  is  great  and  plans 
are  being  made  to  arrange  for  its  continuance.  Juarez  In¬ 
stitute  has  for  its  home  a  building  in  the  same  square  as 
Penn  Institute  but  farther  down  the  street  and  on  the  other 
side.  Its  enrollment  for  1911-12  was  70,  with  as  many  as 
31  boarders  at  one  time.  Three  all-day  assistants  are  em¬ 
ployed  and  two  boys  teach  English  classes.  This  year  Ju¬ 
arez  Institute  and  Penn  Institute  have  been  legally  recog¬ 
nized  by  the  State  so  that  its  graduates  may  teach  in  the 
State  schools  or  enter  higher  institutions  without  examina¬ 
tions. 

In  1907  Emma  Reader,  the  sister  of  Mrs.  Tice,  was 
transferred  from  the  Primary  Department  at  Hussey  In¬ 
stitute,  to  take  charge  of  an  annex  at  Juarez  and  Penn  In¬ 
stitutes,  which  is  really  a  primary  department  for  both  boys 
and  girls.  The  enrollment  in  this  school  for  the  first  and 
second  grades  has  been  from  70  to  80.  Two  Mexican  assist¬ 
ants  are  employed  and  as  many  of  the  advanced  methods 
of  primary  work  used  in  this  country  are  introduced  as  pos¬ 
sible.  This  school  is  housed  in  the  property  known  as  the 
Mission  Home,  the  former  home  of  S.  A.  Purdie  and  W.  I. 
Kelsey,  superintendents  of  the  Mexican  missions. 

ddie  third  to  sixth  grades  arc  taught  separately  in  Penn 

22 


and  Juarez  Institutes,  as  the  custom  of  the  country  requires, 
but  since  the  idea  of  co-education  has  stained  sufficient 
ground  the  five  years  of  higli  school  work  of  the  two  schools 
are  taught  together,  with  g(xKl  results  and  economy  of 
teaching  force.  Following  the  coming  away  on  furlough  of 
G.  C.  Levering  and  wife  in  1909,  Lydia  F.  Pike  was  sent  to 
teach  in  this  joint  work  and  since  her  death,  the  other  mis¬ 
sionaries  have  continued  the  same  plan.  The  first  gradu- 


Jaurez  Institute 


ate  of  the  biblical  de])artmcnt,  Genaro  Ruiz,  gave  himself 
as  far  as  he  had  time,  through  his  four  years’  course,  to 
evangelistic  work  among  the  out  stations  of  the  mission  and 
now  he  is  a  recorded  minister  and  married.  I'or  S(une  time 
he  had  charge  of  the  out  station  of  I’almillas,  where  he 
])reached  and  he  and  his  wife  both  taught,  he  a  boys’  school 
and  she  a  girls’  school.  At  present  he  has  been  called  hack 
to  Victoria  to  hel])  in  the  teaching  at  Juarez  Institute  and 
to  ju'each  on  Saturdays  and  Sundays  at  some  of  the  nearby 


stations.  He  is  highly  respected  and  his  services  esteemed, 
a  first  fruits  of  what  is  hoped  from  Juarez  Institute. 

The  educational  work  of  the  mission  is  only  partly  rep¬ 
resented  by  its  larger  institutions.  In  nearly  all  of  the  many 
out  stations,  schools  have  been  organized  and  the  children 
gathered  and  taught  in  connection  with  the  church  work. 
The  schools  in  the  out  stations  have  been  for  boys  as  fre¬ 
quently,  perhaps,  as  for  girls. 

Publishing  Department 

d'he  publishing  department  has  been  a  great  factor  in 
sowing  gospel  seed.  It  reaches  further  and  touches  more 
people  at  less  cost  than  any  other  missionary  agency.  As 
was  mentioned  early  in  this  sketch  Samuel  A.  Purdie’s  mind 
had  been  turned  to  this  line  of  work  even  before  he  knew 
certainly  there  would  be  an  opi)ortunity  to  go  to  Mexico  and 
the  name  of  his  paper  had  been  chosen,  “El  Ramo  de  Olivo,” 
The  Olive  Branch.  In  the  summer  of  1872  a  small  Quarto 
Cottage  hand  press  and  seventy-five  pounds  of  type  were 
given  to  S.  .V.  Purdie  by  Anna  C.  Tatum,  of  New  York, 
and  her  two  sisters,  the  first  ecpiipment  of  the  Mission  Pub¬ 
lishing  Mouse.  “El  Ramo  de  Olivo”  was  at  once  published 
aud  has  continued  during  the  forty  years  since.  Besides  its 
distribution  in  Mexico,  it  was  the  joy  of  S.  A.  Purdie  that 
it  went  to  subscribers  in  every  Spanish  speaking  country 
in  the  world,  a  big  record  for  a  Protestant  denominational 
paper.  A\dule  it  has  been  published  in  three  places,  Mata- 
moros,  Victoria  and  IMatahuala  in  these  years,  it  is  interest¬ 
ing  to  note  that  one  of  the  earliest  believers  in  Mexico,  Eu- 
ciando  Mascorro,  is  at  present  actively  connected  with  the 
paper  and  has  been  a  large  ])art  of  the  years.  He  is  at  pres¬ 
ent  associated  with  Raymond  S.  Molding,  the  resident 
Priends’  missionar}'  at  Matahuala.  Next  to  the  issuing  of 
“hd  Ramo  de  Olivo”  S.  A.  Purdie  turned  his  attention  to 
the  school  books  he  found  in  the  hands  of  the  children.  In 
regard  to  these  he  writes  thus  in  1885: 


"The  want  of  suitable  school  books  for  our  Mission 
Schools  was  apparent  so  soon  as  they  were  established, 
which  was  early  in  1872.  The  School  Books  issued  in  Mex¬ 
ico  were  intensely  Catholic,  those  issued  in  New  York  by 
business  farms  though  less  so,  all  had  Catholic  forms  of 
prayer,  whilst  those  from  Paris  were  more  or  less  antagonis¬ 
tic  to  all  religion. 

"We  had  to  begin  with  A.  B.  C.,  although  our  first  book 
was  better  adapted  to  the  word  method  than  any  book  which 


Teachers  of  Juarez  Institute,  Penn  Institute  and  the  Annex 

Misses  Lee  and  Pickett  not  in  group 


had  preceded  it.  W’e  only  hoped  to  supply  our  own  school, 
and  144  copies  were  issued.  This  edition  lasted  over  two 
years  and  was  mostly  circulated  gratuitously.  Just  as  it 
was  exhausted,  in  1874,  Presbyterian  and  Methodist  Mis¬ 
sions  were  organized  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  our 
h'irst  Reader  \yas  called  for.  I^'rom  that  time  to  the  present 
it  has  gained  favor,  until  about  1,000  co])ies  are  sold  per 
month  in  Mexico,  Texas,  and  New  Mexico.  It  has  been 
followed  by  a  complete  series  of  reading  books,  decidedly 
evangelical  in  their  teaching,  and  unexpectedly  tc^  us  they 

25 


have  gained  favor  in  many  public  schools  in  all  parts  of 
Mexico.” 

The  printing  of  these  was  done  in  small  editions,  on 
hand  presses,  but  all  S.  A.  Pnrdie’s  books  and  tracts  were 
stereotyped,  and  the  orders,  never  very  large  at  a  time,  were 
printed  when  called  for. 

“As  early  as  1875  the  Catholic  papers  declared  our  Juve¬ 
nile  Issues  to  be  the  most  dangerous  element  they  had  to 
encounter  and  unless  they  could  be  counteracted  the  coming 
generation  would  entirely  abandon  Romanism.” 

S.  A.  Ihirdie  translated  and  printed  many  tracts  and 
small  books,  as  an  abridgment  of  the  Life  of  Win.  Penn,  of 
Elizabeth  Fry,  of  Stephen  Grellet  Gurney’s  Letter  on  Chris¬ 
tianity,  also  he  printed  a  life  of  Angelita  Aguilar  de  Mas- 
corro,  prepared  by  himself.  These  tracts  and  books  and 
many  others  obtained  from  the  American  Tract  Society 
were  widely  distributed,  some  by  mail,  more  by  colporters 
and  by  the  missionaries  and  evangelists  on  their  trips  to 
distant  villages  and  ranches.  We  cannot  here  give  even  the 
titles  of  all  his  publications.  Purdie's  detailed  report  for  a 
good  man}^  years  showed  over  one  million  pages  printed 
and  circulated  annually,  including  his  paper.  The  output, 
though  not  so  large  of  late  years,  is  still  a  large  factor  in 
carrying  on  the  work  of  the  mission.  Samuel  Purdie  was  a 
man  of  very  versatile  genius,  but  he  was  not  a  printer  nor 
publisher  before  gping  to  Mexico ;  he  took  up  the  business 
because  he  found  it  needed.  They  never  had  a  printer  by 
trade  at  the  mission  until  in  December,  1897,  when  John  S. 
Turner,  of  Indiana,  and  his  wife,  Luella  Moon  Turner,  were 
sent  tf)  the  mission.  He  was  a  practical  printer  and  was 
employed  especially  to  take  charge  of  the  printing  office. 
His  knowledge  of  the  business  soon  worked  great  improve¬ 
ment  in  this  department.  His  wife  is  the  daughter  of  Mary 
Moon  Meredith,  a  minister  widely  known.  Both  were  in¬ 
terested  in  the  mission  work,  but  their  services  were  enjoyed 
by  the  mission  for  only  a  few  years.  He  was  engaged  in 

26 


missionary  printing-  in  Mexico  City  several  years  and 
has  recentl}-  died. 

One  of  the  more  recent  publications  of  Friends’  Afexican 
Mission  J’ress  mi«ht  be  mentioned  “The  Friends'  Discip¬ 
line,”  in  Spanish.  After  Friends  in  America  had  mostly 
ado])ted  the  uniform  discii)line,  the  American  Friends'  Board 
of  Foreign  Alissions  in  charge  of  Friends’  mission  work  in 
Cuba  and  the  Foreign  Alission  Boards  of  Indiana  and  \ATst- 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tice  and  boys 

ern  A'early  Aleetings,  each  having  work  in  Alexico,  united 
to  have  it  translated  into  Spanish  and  published.  The  first 
draft  of  the  translation  was  made  by  Joseph  AI.  Purdie,  son 
of  Samuel  A.  Purdie.  It  was  then  very  carefully  revised, 
\V.  1.  Kelsey,  being  familiar  with  the  practices  of  the  church 
in  the  home  land,  giving  special  attention  to  whether  the 
Spanish  translation  really  expressed  the  true  meaning  of 
the  English  discipline  and  Luciano  Alascan'ro,  trained 
scholar  in  his  own  language,  looking  out  f(U-  correctness  of 

27 


the  .^i^anlsli  expressloiie;.  One  thonsancl  copies  were  print¬ 
ed  on  the  mission  press  at  Victoria,  which  were  afterwards 
bound  and  circulated.  The  missionaries  speak  highly  of 
the  benefit  that  this  discipline  has  been  in  unifying  tilie 
mission  churches  in  their  organization  and  methods  of 
business  and  in  giving  them  a  uniform  and  definite  state¬ 
ment  of  Christian  doctrine. 

Evangelistic  Department 

Schools  and  publishing  were  recognized  as  but  means 
to  the  one  great  end  of  missionary  effort,  the  bringing  of 
the  gospel  to  the  people  and  thereby  bringing  the  people 
to  Christ.  Accordingly  great  stress  has  been  laid  on  the 
preaching  of  the  word  and  gathering  those  who  would  hear 
into  meetings  or  churches.  It  wOuld  be  tedious  to  mention 
all  the  ranches  and  villages  which  have  become  preaching 
stations.  In  some  of  these  the  work  flourished  for  a  time, 
then  from  deaths  or  removals  or  scarcity  of  workers  the 
congregation  dwindled  and  that  station  was  bandoned  and 
the  labor  bestowed  on  a  new  place.  During  S.  A.  Purdie’s 
administration  six  monthly  meetings  were  organized  in  this 
State ;  eight  natives  had  been  recognized  and  recorded  as 
ministers,  and  a  larger  number  were  itinerant  evangelists 
or  devoted  home  workers.  Of  those  earliest  recorded  min¬ 
isters  three  have  died  in  the  triumphs  of  faith,  after  doing 
a  good  and  valiant  work  for  their  people.  Most  of  the  others 
are  still  faithful  gospel  preachers.  One  of  those  whose  gift 
as  a  minister  was  publicly  recognized  by  the  church  in 
1885  was  a  woman,  Gertrudis  G.  Gonzalez  de  Uresti,  sister 
of  Santiago  G.  Gonzalez.  Talented,  educated,  highly  gifted, 
eloquent  and  consecrated  to  her  Master’s  service,  she  has 
collected  meetings  and  served  them  as  pastor,  has  gathered 
schools  and  taught  them  in  different  places,  where  in  the 
years  her  husband’s  business  has  taken  them,  or  has  fos¬ 
tered  work  already  established,  as  Bible  reader  or  as  re¬ 
ligious  visitor  in  Matamoros,  as  regular  preacher  in  some  of 

538 


the  oilt-stations,  or  has  taken  charge  of  schools  where  teach¬ 
ers  were  lacking  and  in  every  way  practicable  helped  to  ad¬ 
vance  Christianity  among  her  people.  She  still  lives  and 
labors,  having  charge  of  th.e  school  and  church  at  San  Fer¬ 
nando.  In  those  often  shifting  communities  no  very  careful 
registry  was  kept  of  church  members  who  moved  from 
place  to  place,  but  it  was  one  of  the  joys  of  S.  A.  Purdie’s 
heart  that  wherever  he  found  them  in  after  years  they  re¬ 
tained  their  Christianity,  working  with  other  Protestant 
churches  where  there  were  no  Friends,  and  almost  never 
lapsing  again  into  Romanism.  Not  long  before  he  left  the 
field  he  estimated  the  church  members  in  his  superintend¬ 
ency,  then  living,  to  be  about  600,  though  not  all  of  them 
were  living  where  they  could  attend  Friends  meetings. 
Some  had  moved  entirely  away  and  no  information  about 
them  was  at  hand.  Many  had  in  these  nearly  twenty-five 
years  gone  to  their  eternal  home.  The  number  of  adher¬ 
ents  not  enrolled  in  the  meetings  was  as  large,  perhaps,  as 
the  number  of  members.  No  authoritative  statement  of 
the  church  membership  can  be  given  for  the  present  time 
owing  to  the  continued  shifting  of  residence.  There  are 
now  seven  established  meetings  and  three  monthly  meet¬ 
ings  in  this  same  territory. 

Pastors 

After  S.  A.  Purdie  changed  the  headquarters  of  the  mis¬ 
sion  to  Victoria,  Wm.  A.  Walls  was  for  some  time  prac¬ 
tically  in  charge  of  the  church  at  Matamoros,  together  with 
his  work  of  teaching  the  boys’  school.  Failing  health  com¬ 
pelling  him  to  leave  Matamoros,  several  attempts  were 
made  to  supply  the  Matamoros  meeting  with  a  pastor. 
When  none  was  on  the  ground  the  officers  of  Hussey  In¬ 
stitute  often,  assisted  by  the  members  of  the  Christian  En¬ 
deavor  Society  and  by  the  native  Presbyterian  minister,  kept 
up  the  Sabbath  school  and  the  church  services.  In  1894 
Joseph  W.  Lamb,  of  And)oy,  Ind.,  was  sent  to  Matamoros 

29 


as  a  helper,  but  after  one  year  lie  was  transferred  to  Vic¬ 
toria,  where,  as  occasion  demanded,  he  helped  as  an  evange¬ 
list,  took  the  place  of  an  absent  superintendent,  etc.  In 
1897  Geo.  D.  Weeks  and  his  wife,  Sarah,  of  Iowa  Yearly 
Meeting,  were  sent  to  Matamoros,  that  he  might  be  pastor 
of  the  meeting  there.  He  beg'an  service  well ;  but  before 
ten  months  were  passd  they  had  to  return  North  on  account 
of  the  wife’s  failing  health.  In  1900  Francis  and  Rachel 
Hockett,  of  Richmond,  Ind.,  went  to  Matamoros  to  supply 
the  place  of  pastor  and  assist  in  other  ways  as  they  could. 
They  had  to  use  an  interpreter  at  first  in  Sabbath  school, 
church  and  pastoral  visiting'.  As  has  been  before  mentioned, 
they  held  a  successful  boys’  school  in  their  own  home,  in 
addition  to  doing  pastoral  work.  In  1905,  after  nearly  five 
years  of  service,  they  returned  home,  respected  and  be¬ 
loved  by  those  among  whom  they  had  labored.  Everett  E. 
and  Clara  E.  Morgan,  who  had  been  missionaries  in  Friends’ 
mission  at  Matahuala  for  nine  years,  and  who  were  at  home 
on  furlough,  were  sent  to  Matamoros  in  1909  to  take  charge 
of  the  church.  Their  services  were  well  appreciated  alike 
by  the  natives  and  their  fellow  workers.  But  mortal  dis¬ 
ease  had  fastened  upon  the  wife,  and  after  a  heroic,  but  un¬ 
successful  struggle  with  it  for  more  than  a  year,  her  spirit 
passed  on  from  Matamoros  to  its  heavenly  home,  on  the 
19th  of  the  ninth  month,  1909,  the  first  of  Friends’  Mexican 
missionaries — some  children  not  counted — to  yield  up  life 
on  the  mission  field.  Everett  Morgan  remained  in  the  work 
until  1911.  Since  then  he  has  lived  in  Brownsville,  Texas, 
and  has  married  again.  The  present  prospect  is  that  he  will 
again  become  the  pastor  of  the  Matamoros  meeting  this 
coming  year.  In  the  meantime  Mary  L.  Ellis,  formerly  mis¬ 
sionary  to  Cuba,  was  in  charge  of  the  church  at  Matamoros 
for  four  months  the  past  year,  to  its  benefit. 

At  Victoria  there  has  always  been  more  ministerial  help, 
both  of  missionaries  and  of  natives.  When  Samuel  Purdie 
removed  to  Victoria  there  w'erc  but  few  Friends  there,  but 

30 


he  soon  gathered  a  church  around  him.  In  1893  I- 
sey  and  wife  were  sent  there,  he  to  assist  S.  A.  Purdie  and 
she  to  take  charge  of  New  York  Yearly  Meeting’s  school 
for  girls,  now  Penn  Institute.  After  S.  A.  Purdie  returned 
North,  Mr.  Kelsey  was  in  charge  of  the  church  at  Victoria, 
and  associated  with  him  at  different  times  w^ere  Joseph  W. 
Lamb  and  Geo.  C.  Levering,  and  in  1905  R.  Solomon  Tice 
was  sent  to  Victoria,  and  is  still  there.  Last  year,  Clyde 
Roberts,  of  Nebraska,  was  sent  to  Victoria,  to  serve  the 
church  as  pastor.  He  preached  at  first  through  an  inter¬ 
preter,  while  learning  the  language,  l)ut  is  beginning  to  feel 
able  to  use  the  Spanish  himself,  lie  and  his  wife  (Miss 
Shultz,  wdid  was  at  Matamoros  last  year)  are  to  lie  at  Vic¬ 
toria  again  this  year.  Besides  the  missionaries  already  men¬ 
tioned,  two  of  the  most  prominent  and  earliest  native  min¬ 
isters,  Luciano  Mascorro  and  Santiago  G.  Gonzalez  have 
served  that  meeting  as  pastors  a  large  part  of  the  time.  The 
latter  had  his  home  in  Victoria  over  tw^enty  years  and  was 
looked  upon  much  of  the  time  as  the  regular  pastor,  as  well 
as  the  teacher  of  Baltimore  Friends  Boys’  School.  During 
the  Christmas  season  of  1910  he  passed  on  to  his  heavenly 
home,  after  a  long  life  of  faithful  service  in  the  effort  to  ad¬ 
vance  our  Father’s  kingdom  among  his  people.  He  was  by 
nature  an  eloquent  speaker  and  in  his  maturity  his  sermons 
Avere  very  impressive.  Active  in  the  out-stations  near  Vic¬ 
toria,  and  doing  some  evangelistic  work  among  cue  meeting.s. 
farther  south,  should  be  mentioned  Genaro  Ruiz,  recorded 
a  minister  a  few  years  ago,  and  who  was  educated 
for  four  years  in  Juarez  Institute.  Also  in  the 
far  south  at  (lomez  h'arias  until  this  present  re\'olution, 
Julia  Gonzalez  (lea,  a  minister  over  80  years  of  age.  has 
kept  school  and  church  together.  'Fhe  sister  of  Santiago  G. 
Gonzalez.  (lertrudis  G.  de  Lresti.  who  keeps  up  the  work 
at  San  Fernando,  has  already  been  mentioned.  It  is  well 
to  note  that  the  mission  churches  are  taught  to  help  others 
as  well  as  tliemselves.  A  new  church  was  needed,  at  Vic- 


loria,  and  the  native  church  members  contril)uted  $530.35 
of  its  total  cost  of  $2,550.31.  This  cluirch  was  dedicated  in 
1903,  its  construction,  as  well  as  numerous  changes  in  the 
mission  properties,  having  been  supervised  by  Frank  and 
Phariba  Stei)hens,  of  Richmond,  I  ml.  For  some  time  past 
the  Victoria  Meeting  has  contributed  $25.00  per  month 
that  church  services  and  day  schools  might  be  regularly 
conducted  at  the  out-station  of  Palmillas. 

Little  mention  has  been  made  of  the  Sabbath  school 
work,  but  it  is  the  general  feeling  that  in  the  Sabbath 
schools  lies  the  real  hope  of  the  church,  and  every  effort  is 
made  to  make  them  successful.  The  Sabbath  school  at  Vic¬ 
toria  the  past  year  numbered,  during  the  school  year,  120, 
with  14  teachers. 

If  one  looks  back  to  the  minutes  of  Indiana  Yearly  Meet¬ 
ing  of  1874  he  finds  that  Friends  that  year  raised  $2,693.00 
for  the  Mexican  work  just  undertaken.  This  amount  kept 
increasing  until  during  the  years  1880-1893,  over  $4,000 
a  year  were  spent  on  the  Mexican  mission.  Most  of  the 
American  Warly  Meeting's  had  contributed  to  this  work  in 
some  phase  and  even  Friends  of  London  Yearly  Meeting 
sent  their  donations  to  it.  About  this  time  a  new  spirit  of 
missions  swejit  American  Friends  and  many  yearly  meet¬ 
ings  began  missions  of  their  own,  often  in  other  countries, 
until  by  1898  only  one — P>altiim)re — was  contributing  to 
the  work  under  the  management  of  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting. 
This  natural  withdrawal  of  financial  help  had  its  detrimental 
effect  on  the  mission  work.  P.y  1898  the  total  contributed 
to  the  Mexican  work  was  less  than  that  given  in  1874, 
when  there  was  but  one  station.  As  a  result  there  was  a 
scarcity  of  workers  and  a  necessary  contraction  of  the  work. 
.Since  1900,  however,  the  tide  has  been  turning  again,  untiT 
for  several  years  from  $8,000  to  $10,000  has  been  expended 
in  this  field  in  Mexico.  During  the  past  year  the  American 
Friends  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  has  been  endeavoring 
to  raise  a  sum  large  enough  to  materially  help  three  or  four 


()f  the  missionary  fields.  In  IVlexici)  the  hope  is  to  he  able 
proi)erly  to  equip  the  ninety  acres  of  land  recently  pur¬ 
chased,  outside  of  Victoria,  so  that  industrial  training,  as 
well  as  better  accommodations,  can  be  furnished  the  girls 
and  l)oys  of  Penn  and  Juarez  Institutes.  Already  seventy 
acres  have  been  enclosed  by  barl)ed  wire  fence,  sixty  orange 
trees  planted,  besides  lemon,  plum  and  grape  fruit  and  a 
large  palm  thatched  barn  built  to  house  the  four  mules  and 
six  cows.  One  thousand  eucalyptus  trees  have  also  been 
donated.  This  advance  step  will  mean  much  to  the  mis¬ 
sion  in  many  lines. 

At  home,  two  important  changes  have  been  made  in  the 
administration  in  the  last  years.  In  1900  Indiana  Yearly 
Meeting  ado])ted  a  “plan  for  consolidating  the  foreign  mis¬ 
sion  work  of  the  yearly  meeting  under  the  control  of  a  single 
board,”  and  the  Women’s  Foreign  Mission  Association, 
which  had  been  such  a  vital  force  in  missions  since  188^,, 
gradually  disappeared  as  an  organization  from  the  active 
executive  work  of  foreign  missions  and  Hussey  Institute, 
under  its  control  since  1886,  passed  to  the  now  single  Board, 
this  Board  being  practically  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  of 
the  yearly  meeting,  with  some  changes  in  organization  and 
personnel. 

'bhe  American  Friends  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  ait- 
thorized  by  the  Conference  of  1892,  organized  in  1894,  and 
adopted  by  the  Five  \T'ars  Meeting  in  1902,  as  its  Board  of 
I'oreign  Missions,  has,  through  the  years,  been  accpiiring 
its  recognition  as  a  Central  Board  of  all  Friends,  and  in  1907 
the  management  of  the  missions  of  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting 
in  the  State  of  Tamaulipas,  and  of  those  of  W'estern  ^T'arly 
.Meeting'  in  the  State  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  Mexico,  was  placed 
in  the  hands  of  this  Board,  which  directs  them  through  a 
h'ield  Committee,  composed  of  representatives  from  the  two 
yearly  meetings. 

For  the  past  ten  to  twelve  years  there  has  been  an  an¬ 
nual  or  yearly  meeting  of  Friends  in  Mexico,  to  which  each 

ail 


of  the  monthly  meetings  in  the  states  of  Tamaulipas  and 
San  Lnis  Potosi  apj)oint  delegates.  This  organization  was 
authorized  and  approved  by  the  Boards  in  charge  and  has 
the  fnnctions  of  both  a  cpnirterly  and  yearly  meeting. 
With  a  membership  of  more  than  i,ooo  members,  there  is 
a  promising  outlook  for  this  JMexican  Yearly  jMeeting,  and 
the  good  resulting  from  this  meeting  and  associating,  has 
been  very  marked. 

Such  are  some  of  the  facts  in  the  history  of  this  oldest 
of  mi.ssions  belonging  to  American  Friends.  Much  of  fas¬ 
cinating  interest  could  be  told  of  the  dangers  in  the  early 
days,  of  the  wonderful  change  of  heart  that  led  those  men 
and  women  to  leave  the  Catholic  church,  which  had  been 
their  church  for  generations,  a  church  in  Mexico  grafted 
on  to  an  idolatrous  pagan  stem  and  retaining  many  of  the 
characteristics  of  the  parent  stock.  It  took  courage  to  brave 
the  persecution  and  stand  firm,  but  one  has  only  to  look  at 
Don  Julio  Gonzalez  Gea,  one  of  the  early  converts,  now  over 
eighty  years  old,  and  still  active  for  the  Alaster,  and  f^uciano 
Mascorro  and  Gertrudis  G.  de  Uresti,  both  elderly  people 
and  still  finding  their  chief  joy  in  the  service  of  the  church, 
to  realize  that  the  foundation  was  well  laid  and  the  faith 
divinely  blessed  and  courage  given  to  “stand  fast  in  the 
Lord.”  IMany  interesting  narratives  could  be  told  of  pres¬ 
ent  day  experiences  that  are  just  as  real  and  will  be  as  long 
enduring.  I’he  \  ision  of  service  that  came  to  S.  A.  Purdie 
more  than  forty  years  ago  has  been  realized  by  him,  and 
many  since,  and  still  ( iod  calls  his  workers  to  the  field,  that 
those  in  Mexico,  hungry  for  the  gospel,  may  be  filled  and 
may  ackuowdedge  the  love  and  care  that  God  gives  to  each 
of  his  children.  Surely  Mis  blessing  has  rested  on  this 
mission. 


:54 


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